By Setyawati Fitrianggraeni and Tiara Amanda Putri
Overview
The Draft Presidential Regulation on Artificial Intelligence Ethics is a national legal instrument that establishes ethical principles as guidelines for the development and use of AI technology in Indonesia.(1) This regulation is designed to strengthen and formalize the ethical values previously outlined in Minister of Communication and Information Circular Letter No. 9 of 2023, while also providing clearer guidance on roles, responsibilities, and implementation measures in the use of artificial intelligence.(2) By involving collaboration among various experts, the Draft Presidential Regulation aims to ensure that digital innovation remains grounded in the values of Pancasila, human rights, and the protection of human dignity.(1)
The development of this regulatory framework adopts a “compliance-by-design” approach to ensure technical security and algorithmic transparency from the earliest stages of system planning and design.(2) In addition, the regulation underscores its function as a technological control mechanism to prevent the emergence of bias, discrimination, and social polarization in the deployment of artificial intelligence.(3) Strategic measures such as these are expected to strengthen national accountability while enhancing investor confidence in Indonesia’s AI ecosystem.(1)
Key Highlights
- Involved Parties and Ethical Responsibilities
This regulation redefines the parties required to comply with ethical principles, encompassing Ministries/Agencies, sector actors (including data providers and developers), as well as end users.(1) Ministries and sector actors hold primary responsibility for reducing the negative impacts of technology by implementing transparency principles and personal data protection.(1) The implementation of this regulation requires the embedding of ethical principles across all stages of the AI technology life cycle to prevent data misuse and violations of user rights.(1)
- Risk Management and Protection Standards
This regulation introduces a categorization of AI utilization risks into unacceptable, high, and low levels to determine the degree of oversight and legal intervention required.(1) Sector actors, together with supervisory authorities, are responsible for identifying potential threats to public safety and human rights, and for implementing mitigation procedures through technical safeguards, stress testing, and standardized incident reporting mechanisms to effectively address user complaints.(1)
- Self-Assessment and Accountability
A Self-Assessment instrument is mandated to be conducted as a means of objectively monitoring compliance with ethical standards. Sector actors are required to prepare and periodically report evaluations of the actual conditions of their AI systems to the relevant Ministries or Agencies, through questionnaires covering bias detection methods, decision-making transparency, and the effectiveness of privacy protections, to strengthen the competitiveness of the national AI ecosystem.(1)
- Ethical Foundation of Pancasila and Policy Renewal
Pancasila serves as the primary moral foundation guiding artificial intelligence development, as reflected in the preambular “Considering” section, which emphasizes alignment with human rights, social justice, and respect for human dignity.(1) Ministries or Agencies, together with cross-sector stakeholders, are responsible for continuously evaluating and recontextualizing policies in line with social dynamics, by integrating social justice and national unity values into AI algorithms to ensure that the technology does not exacerbate economic or gender disparities in society.(4)
References
- Rancangan Peraturan Presiden Tahun 2025 tentang Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial.
- Kerangka Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial Baru Sedang Disusun: Standar Pelindungan dan Mitigasi Risiko yang Lebih Ketat Segera Diperkenalkan. 2026. Available from: https://pro.hukumonline.com/a/lt698a8fb222aab/kerangka-etika-kecerdasan-artifisial-baru-sedang-disusun–standar-pelindungan-dan-mitigasi-risiko-yang-lebih-ketat-segera-diperkenalkan
- Salman Al Farisi SAF, Sri Puji Ningsih, Arda Fairuzaki AF, Novita Mayasari NM, Salman Nurfarizi SN. Kecerdasan Buatan dan Hak Asasi Manusia: Analisis Etika dan Kerangka Hukum di Era Digital. Jurnal Hukum, Administrasi Publik dan Negara. 2026 Jan 22;3(1):107–20. Available from: https://ejournal.appisi.or.id/index.php/hukum/article/view/886
- Khasri MRK. Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial (AI): Sebuah Eksplorasi Metaetika atas Kebijakan Regulasi AI di Indonesia dan Internasional. Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam. 2025 Jan 10;24(1):58–95. Available from: https://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/ushuluddin/ref/article/view/6047
Publication Disclaimer:
This disclaimer applies to the publication of articles by Anggraeni and Partners. By accessing or reading any articles published by Anggraeni and Partners, you acknowledge and agree to the terms of this disclaimer:
- No Legal Advice: The articles published by Anggraeni and Partners are for informational purposes only and do not constitute legal advice. The information provided in the articles is not intended to create an attorney-client relationship between Anggraeni and Partners and the reader. The articles should not be relied upon as a substitute for seeking professional legal advice. For specific legal advice tailored to your individual circumstances, please consult a qualified attorney.
- Accuracy and Completeness: Anggraeni and Partners strives to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information presented in the articles. However, we do not warrant or guarantee the accuracy, currency, or completeness of the information. Laws and legal interpretations may vary, and the information in the articles may not be applicable to your jurisdiction or specific situation. Therefore, Anggraeni and Partners disclaims any liability for any errors or omissions in the articles.
- No Endorsement: Any references or mentions of third-party organizations, products, services, or websites in the articles are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement or recommendation by Anggraeni and Partners. We do not assume responsibility for the accuracy, quality, or reliability of any thirdparty information or services mentioned in the articles.
- No Liability: Anggraeni and Partners, its partners, attorneys, employees, or affiliates shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, or special damages arising out of or in connection with the use of the articles or reliance on any information contained therein. This includes, but is not limited to, loss of data, loss of profits, or damages resulting from the use or inability to use the articles.
- No Attorney-Client Relationship: Reading or accessing the articles does not establish an attorney-client relationship between Anggraeni and Partners and the reader. The information provided in the articles is general in nature and may not be applicable to your specific legal situation. Any communication with Anggraeni and Partners through the articles or any contact form on the website does not create an attorney-client relationship or establish confidentiality.
- Intellectual Property: This publication is an original work of the author(s) that has not been previously published or submitted for publication elsewhere. All intellectual property rights in relation to this publication, including economic rights, are exclusively owned by Anggraeni and Partners (AP).
- Use of AI Tools: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) may use AI-assisted technologies for readability. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed for the purposes of the publication. Any use of artificial intelligence tools, if applied, is limited to supporting purposes only, and the author remains fully responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and quality of the content.
For further information, please contact:
WWW.AP-LAWSOLUTION.COM
P: 6221. 7278 7678, 72795001
H: +62 811 8800 427
S.F. Anggraeni
Managing Partner
connect@ap-IawsoIution.net
Tiara Amanda Putri
Growth
