ACTIO Regulatory Analysis : High Seas, High Stakes: What the BBNJ Agreement Means for Indonesia

By Orima Melati Davey, Tiyana Sigi Pertiwi and Setyawati Fitrianggraeni

At a Glance

Indonesia’s ratification of the BBNJ Agreement through Presidential Regulation No. 67 of 2025 marks an important milestone in strengthening global ocean governance and conserving marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). While Indonesia already has a strong legal foundation through its laws on marine affairs, fisheries, biodiversity conservation, and environmental protection, implementing the Agreement will require further regulatory alignment and institutional readiness.

Moving forward, Indonesia should develop implementing regulations, strengthen institutional coordination, and establish technical mechanisms to support benefit-sharing, environmental impact assessments for ABNJ-related activities, marine biodiversity data governance, and scientific cooperation.

The Four Pillars of the BBNJ Agreement

1. Marine Genetic Resources

Access to and use of marine genetic resources in ABNJ, with fair and equitable benefit-sharing.

2. Area-Based Management Tools

Including marine protected areas, to protect ecosystems from overexploitation and degradation.

3. Environmental Impact Assessments

Assessing the potential impacts of activities conducted in ABNJ.

4. Capacity Building & Technology Transfer

Strengthening the scientific and institutional capacity of developing States.

What’s Inside

Introduction
Overview of the BBNJ Agreement
The Agreement’s Stance According to UNCLOS
Indonesia’s Legal Landscape for the BBNJ Agreement
Legal Implications for Indonesia
What to Expect Going Forward
Concluding Remarks

Read the Full Analysis

Download the complete ACTIO® Regulatory Analysis, including the matrix of Indonesia’s regulatory alignment with the BBNJ Agreement.

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Authors

Setyawati Fitrianggraeni

Managing Partner

Tiyana Sigi Pertiwi

Knowledge Lawyer

Orima Melati Davey

Research Associate

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This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. It is based on the information, conditions, and regulations in effect as of its publication date. Please refer to the full disclaimer in the publication.