Setyawati Fitrianggraeni, Eva Fatimah Fauziah, Sri Purnama*

Research Group Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolutions

Working Committee Disputes and Transnational Litigation

Legal Lab Team, Anggraeni and Partners

INTRODUCTION

In late 2023, SC issued the Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 3 of 2023 on the Application of the Formula of the Results of the Pleno Meeting of the Chamber Supreme Court in 2023 as Implementation Guidelines Duty for the Court (SCCL 3/2023). SCCL 3/2023 underscores a comprehensive analysis spanning various legal chambers, encapsulating nuanced directives and principles. Its presence also serves as additional guidance to supplement provisions in various legal chambers not previously regulated under SCCL or as a guideline nullifying prior legal formulations conflicting with SCCL 3/2023. Each legal chamber in the SC discusses technical judicial and non-technical judicial issues in holding Chamber Plenary Meetings. The plenary chamber made the following resolution:[1]

1. Resolution of the Criminal Chamber Plenary.
2. Resolution of the Civil Chamber Plenary.
3. Resolution of the Religious Chamber Plenary.
4. Resolution of the Military Chamber Plenary.
5. Resolution of the State Administrative Chamber Plenary.
6. Resolution of the Secretariat Chamber Plenary.

Several changes in SCCL 3/2023 serve as the judge’s guidelines for carrying out the court’s duties by their scope. The implementation of SCCL 3/2023 primarily needs to be used as a guideline and can be applied by all judges in examining and deciding cases. Apart from that, SCCL 3/2023 can also be used as material for consideration by other legal practitioners. Therefore, this article aims to analyse the legal resolution implemented in SCCL 3/2023 and discuss the critical aspects of SCCL 3/2023.

ANALYSIS OF THE NEWLY ENACTED FORMULATIONS

As mentioned in the previous sub-chapter, SCCL 3/2023 has 29 legal resolutions, and 24 of the 29 legal resolutions are new rules. The remaining two legal resolutions are to perfect the previous chamber agreement, two legal resolutions to revoke the chamber agreement, and one legal resolution to amend the previous chamber agreement.[2]  The legal resolutions in SCCL 3/2023 serve as boundaries for all judges under the Supreme Court to interpret relevant legal provisions and apply them in judgments, ensuring consistency and cohesion across all legal chambers. Among the legal resolutions produced in SCCL 3/2023, several resolutions significantly impact the judgments to be rendered by judges according to their respective legal chambers. These include civil law resolution, administrative law resolution, and religious law resolution.

 Civil Law Resolutions

 

1. No More Mandatory Indonesian Language Used in Business Contracts.

This resolution enforces laws and regulations specifying that agreements between Indonesian private entities or individuals and foreign counterparts are valid in either Indonesian or the foreign party’s national language.[3] Consequently, civil cases involving agreements in a foreign language can be directly presented to the District Court without translation, ensuring fast and efficient dispute resolution. This aligns with fast, simple, and cost-effective justice principles, providing immediate legal certainty.[4] Foreign parties with agreements in a non-Indonesian language can also file lawsuits against the other party (Indonesian entities or individuals) for defaults or unlawful acts, as long as the business contract’s choice of law and dispute resolution article permits.

 

2. Financial Information Service System (SLIK) as a material for Court Supervisory Judges to determine the status of debtors.

 

Initially designed for reporting, SLIK serves the Financial Services Authority’s (OJK) supervision and provides debtor information. This also equips the Court Supervisory Judge to monitor debtors effectively, accessing details like identity, historical credit payments, and wrong credit info [5] This allows the judge to make decisions using SLIK data to supervise curator management and bankruptcy asset administration efficiently. This means that the supervisory judge can make decisions based on SLIK data to efficiently supervise the curator’s management and administration of bankruptcy assets to maximise the value of bankruptcy assets for creditors.[6]

 

3. Applications for Bankruptcy or Delayed Debt Payment Obligation (PKPU) against the developer of the apartment and/or flats do not qualify for simple proof.

 

This legal resolution affirms that having multiple creditors and unpaid debts does not trigger the developer’s bankruptcy or approval of a PKPU application. Consequently, a judge cannot approve such bankruptcy or PKPU applications. This transforms the case into an ordinary civil lawsuit under the District Court’s jurisdiction. The shift in the case’s nature primarily impacts creditors, as debt resolution relies on the debtor. The debtor retains the option to contest the District Court’s decision (Contempt of Court), potentially delaying or even preventing the settlement of creditor receivables. This underscores the prolonged and uncertain nature of resolving creditor claims in such instances.[7]

 

Administrative Law Resolutions

 

1. Neglecting a request for annulment of a State Administrative Decree is classified as a regular lawsuit and is not a part of a dispute over a government action.

 

This resolution affirms that an unresponded annulment request for a State Administrative Decree is not considered a factual government action. Therefore, due to this neglect, a dispute over government action cannot be filed. This considers the criteria for factual actions outlined in Article 87 of Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, emphasising written determinations, like the State Administrative Decree. Ignoring the annulment request constitutes an unlawful act by the government by violating the principle of neminem laedere (the principle of avoiding actions that cause harm and suffering to others), with the benchmark of the dispute being the formal regulations and appropriateness prevailing in society. Consequently, the eligible lawsuit is ordinary, falling under the jurisdiction of the general court.[8]

 

Religious Law Resolutions

 

 

1. The authority of the Religious Court covers the execution of mortgage rights, the vacating of auction proceeds, and the execution of fiduciary guarantees based on Sharia contracts.

 

This resolution guarantees that all legal actions in Sharia economics are handled or resolved according to Islamic law through religious courts. This also means that the application of Islamic law in Sharia economic disputes must be carried out as a whole, from examining and adjudicating to resolving cases as mandated by Article 49 letter (i) of Law No. 50 of 2009 concerning Religious Courts.

CONCLUSION

SCCL 3/2023 delineates significant shifts within various legal resolutions, particularly concerning business contract practices, bankruptcy and PKPU applications, delayed debt settlements, and administrative legal procedures. The overarching legal formulations chiefly emphasize the establishment of legal certainty surrounding the addressed issues within their respective legal chambers. This is poised to yield efficiency, implicating the harmonization of regulations with practices within each legal chamber.

Nevertheless, these resolution changes also introduce complexities and new challenges in law enforcement and dispute resolution practices. Businesspersons, legal practitioners, and even the general populace must navigate compliance with these provisions alongside effective practices. Judges, too, must stand as foremost enforcer of justice, considering multifaceted aspects involved. Thus, SCCL 3/2023 stands as an endeavour to refine and align legal practices with evolving norms, ensuring a progressively robust legal framework for Indonesia’s future.

 

*Setyawati Fitrianggraeni holds the position of Managing Partner at Anggraeni and Partners in Indonesia. She also serves as an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law, University of Indonesia, and is currently pursuing a PhD at the World Maritime University in Malmo, Sweden. Additionally, Eva Fatimah Fauziah is  former Senior Associate in the International Arbitration and Litigation Group and also Head of Legal Lab at Anggraeni and Partners, and Sri Purnama is Head of Legal Lab.

 

REFERENCES

 Books

Andi Hamzah, Hukum Acara Pidana Indonesia, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2014.

D.Y. Witanto and A.P. Negara Kutawaringin, Diskresi Hakim sebuah Instrumen Menegakkan Keadilan Substantive dalam Perkara-Perkara Pidana, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2013.

Yahya Harahap, Hukum Acara Perdata tentang Gugatan, Persidangan, Penyitaan, Pembuktian dan Putusan Pengadilan, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2016.

 Journals

 Ahmad Fauzi Harahap, “Penerapan Perluasan Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara Sebagai Upaya Dalam Penegakan Hukum Administrasi dan Kaitannya dengan Prinsip-Prinsip Good Governance (Sebagaimana Diatur Dalam Pasal 87 UU No. 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan)”, Jurnal Binamulia Hukum Vol 9 No 2 December 2020.

Erick Sambuari Lie et al., “Implikasi Hukum Pihak Yang Tidak Melaksanakan Putusan Pengadilan Dalam Perkara Perdata”, Lex Privatum Vol.XI/No.3/Mar/2023.

Muhammad Habibi Miftakhul Marwa, “Model Penyelesaian Perselisihan Perkawinan Perspektif Hukum Adat dan Hukum Islam”, Jurnal USM Law Review Vol 4 No. 2 Tahun 2021.

Naswa Ayu Alweni et al, “Pengurusan Harta Pailit Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kepailitan Dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang”, Lex Privatum Vol. X/No. 1/Jan/2022.

Nentin Feriyanti et al, “Implementation of Restorative Justice In The Settlement of Violent Criminal Actions in The House of TNI Servants in The Military Justice System”, Journal Of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 2023.

Ni Wayan Ratna Satyastuti et al, “Proses Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Desersi Yang Dilakukan Oleh Anggota Tentara Nasional Indonesia (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor : Put/06-K/Pm Ii-11/Ad/I/2015 Di Pengadilan Militer Ii-11 Yogyakarta)”, Jurnal Verstek Vol. 4 No. 2, 2016.

Rinsofat Naibahi and Indra Jaya M. Hasibuan, “Peranan Mahkamah Agung dalam Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan Melalui Kekuasaan Kehakiman”, Jurnal Magister Hukum Program Pascasarjana Universitas HKBP Nommensen, 02(02), Juli 2021.

 Regulations

Law No. 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Law.

Law No 24 of 2009 concerning the Flag, Language and Coat of Arms of the State, and the National Anthem and its explanation.

Law No. 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power.

Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 concerning the Implementation of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage.

Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 3 of 2023 on Application of the Formula of the Results of the Pleno Meeting of the Chamber Supreme Court in 2023 as Implementation Guidelines Duty for the Court.

Attorney General Regulations No. 15 of 2020 concerning Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice.

 Others

Asep Nursobah, “Inilah Rumusan Hukum Hasil Kesepakatan Pleno Kamar 2023”, Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Agung, https://kepaniteraan.mahkamahagung.go.id/registry-news/2298-inilah-rumusan-hukum-hasil-kesepakatan-pleno-kamar-2023 accessed dated 11 January 2024.

Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, Glosarium Hukum, https://jdih.bpk.go.id/Info/Glosarium?p=27, accessed dated 14 January 2024.

Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, “Sistem Layanan Informasi Keuangan (SLIK)”, https://sikapiuangmu.ojk.go.id/FrontEnd/CMS/Article/10422, accessed dated 13 January 2024.

Puspen TNI, Prajurit TNI Harus Memiliki Sikap Patuh, Loyal, Yang Tegak Lurus, https://tni.mil.id/view-233266-prajurit-tni-harus-memiliki-sikap-patuh-loyal-yang-tegak-lurus.html, accessed dated 14 January 2024.

Supreme Court, “Main Duties and Functions”, https://www.mahkamahagung.go.id/id/tugas-pokok-dan-fungsi accessed dated 7 January 2024.

[1]         Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 3 of 2023 on Application of the Formula of the Results of the Pleno Meeting of the Chamber Supreme Court in 2023 as Implementation Guidelines Duty for the Court.

[2]         Asep Nursobah, Loc.cit.

[3]         Article 31 paragraph (2) of Law No 24 of 2009 concerning the Flag, Language and Coat of Arms of the State, and the National Anthem and its explanation

[4]         Andi Hamzah, Hukum Acara Pidana Indonesia, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2014, pg. 10

[5]         Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, “Sistem Layanan Informasi Keuangan (SLIK)”, https://sikapiuangmu.ojk.go.id/FrontEnd/CMS/Article/10422, accessed dated 13 January 2024.

[6]         Naswa Ayu Alweni et al, “Pengurusan Harta Pailit Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kepailitan Dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang”, Lex Privatum Vol. X/No. 1/Jan/2022: 152.

[7]         Erick Sambuari Lie et al., “Implikasi Hukum Pihak Yang Tidak Melaksanakan Putusan Pengadilan Dalam Perkara Perdata”, Lex Privatum Vol.XI/No.3/Mar/2023: 9-10.

[8]         Ahmad Fauzi Harahap, “Penerapan Perluasan Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara Sebagai Upaya Dalam Penegakan Hukum Administrasi dan Kaitannya dengan Prinsip-Prinsip Good Governance (Sebagaimana Diatur Dalam Pasal 87 UU No. 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan)”, Jurnal Binamulia Hukum Vol 9 No 2 December 2020 (171-182); 175.

 

 

DISCLAIMER :

 This disclaimer applies to the publication of articles by Anggraeni and Partners. By accessing or reading any articles published by Anggraeni and Partners, you acknowledge and agree to the terms of this disclaimer:

No Legal Advice: The articles published by Anggraeni and Partners are for informational purposes only and do not constitute legal advice. The information provided in the articles is not intended to create an attorney-client relationship between Anggraeni and Partners and the reader. The articles should not be relied upon as a substitute for seeking professional legal advice. For specific legal advice tailored to your individual circumstances, please consult a qualified attorney.

Accuracy and Completeness: Anggraeni and Partners strive to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information presented in the articles. However, we do not warrant or guarantee the accuracy, currency, or completeness of the information. Laws and legal interpretations may vary, and the information in the articles may not be applicable to your jurisdiction or specific situation. Therefore, Anggraeni and Partners disclaim any liability for any errors or omissions in the articles.

No Endorsement: Any references or mentions of third-party organizations, products, services, or websites in the articles are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement or recommendation by Anggraeni and Partners. We do not assume responsibility for the accuracy, quality, or reliability of any third-party information or services mentioned in the articles.

No Liability: Anggraeni and Partners, its partners, attorneys, employees, or affiliates shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, or special damages arising out of or in connection with the use of the articles or reliance on any information contained therein. This includes but is not limited to, loss of data, loss of profits, or damages resulting from the use or inability to use the articles.

No Attorney-Client Relationship: Reading or accessing the articles does not establish an attorney-client relationship between Anggraeni and Partners and the reader. The information provided in the articles is general in nature and may not be applicable to your specific legal situation. Any communication with Anggraeni and Partners through the articles or any contact form on the website does not create an attorney-client relationship or establish confidentiality.

By accessing or reading the articles, you acknowledge that you have read, understood, and agreed to this disclaimer. If you do not agree with any part of this disclaimer, please refrain from accessing or reading the articles published by Anggraeni and Partners.

 

For further information, please contact:

WWW.AP-LAWSOLUTION.COM

P: 6221. 7278 7678, 72795001

H: +62 811 8800 427

S.F. Anggraeni

Managing Partner

[email protected]

 

 

Sri Purnama

Head of Legal Lab

Research Group Transnational Litigation and Tort Law

[email protected]